This e-book is a quick primer on earth observation of water resources and has been developed jointly by the World Bank and NASA. It provides a basic introduction to hydrologic processes and the types of in-situ and earth observation monitoring approaches to gain a global perspective to help address problems in the real world such as floods, droughts, cyclones, and forecasting for agriculture and water-related disease management applications. It provides a primer for accessing useful NASA data, modeling tools, related interactive viewers and useful links in this regard, that showcase interactive maps to visualize precipitation and even groundwater data and trends and near-real time flood potential from space. This e-book provides an illustrative overview of the use of increasingly powerful free data from satellites that can be critical for monitoring and managing watersheds and aquifers around the world.