The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically-driven multi-country survey, which has been administered in over 30 countries to date. Its three aims are, first to monitor and interpret changing public attitudes and values within Europe and to investigate how they interact with Europe's changing institutions, second to advance and consolidate improved methods of cross-national survey measurement in Europe and beyond, and third to develop a series of European social indicators, including attitudinal indicators. In the seventh round, the survey covered 22 countries. Round 7 was funded by the Members, Observers and Guests of ESS European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ESS ERIC) who represent national governments. Participating countries directly fund the central coordination costs of the ESS ERIC, as well the costs of fieldwork and national coordination in their own country. The survey involves strict random probability sampling, a minimum target response rate of 70% and rigorous translation protocols. The hour-long face-to-face interview includes questions on a variety of core topics repeated from previous rounds of the survey and also two modules developed for Round 7 covering Social Inequalities in Health and their Determinants and Attitudes towards Immigration and their Antecedents (the latter is a partial repeat of a module from round 1).
