The second South Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS 2) was conducted in 2010 by the Ministry of Health and National Bureau of Statistics. The primary objectives of the second South Sudan Household Health Survey (SHHS 2) were: To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in South Sudan; To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action; To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in South Sudan and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems. To generate data on the situation of children and women, including the identification of vulnerable groups and of disparities, to inform policies and interventions. To provide up-to-date information on the health status of children and women of South Sudan in order to understand differences related to determinants of health, such as poverty, education, gender, residence type (rural/urban), and the State of residence; To generate data that assist in monitoring progress towards achieving the MDGs and WFFC’s goals; and To contribute to essentially desired improvements of data collection, quality, and analysis in South Sudan. Sudan Household Health Survey is modelled on MICS, an international household survey programme developed by UNICEF. SHHS 2 was conducted as part of the fourth global round of MICS surveys (MICS4). MICS provides up-to-date information on the situation of children and women and measures key indicators that allow countries to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other internationally agreed upon commitments. Additional information on the global MICS project may be obtained from www.childinfo.org.